Manures - Pazha Karaisal (பழக்கரைசல்)

In our Agriculture for Everybody blog series, we are going to see Pazha Karaisal (பழக்கரைசல்) which is an organic fertilizer.

Required Ingredients

S.No.	Ingredient Name	Qty in Litres/Kgs
1	Ripened Fruits	10 Kgs
2	Cow's Urine	3 Litres
3	Water	10 Litres

Note:

• Different Fruits like Papaya, Banana, Mango, Sapota, Guava etc can be used.

Method of Preparation

1. Squash the different fruits to make a semi solid paste.
2. Add Cow's Urine & Water to it.
3. Allow the solution to ferment for 7 days.

Note:

• The manure should be kept in the shade and covered with a wire mesh or plastic mosquito net to prevent houseflies from laying eggs and the formation of maggots (worms) in the solution.

Method of Storage

1. The manure should be kept in the shade and covered with a wire mesh or plastic mosquito net to prevent houseflies from laying eggs and the formation of maggots (worms) in the solution.  This is applicable during the preparation as well as during the shelf life of the pesticide as well.

How long can we store the Manure?

1. Not Applicable

How to use the Manure?

1. Spray System - The manure can be applied as a foliar spray.
2. Flow System - The solution of manure can be mixed with irrigation water, either through drip irrigation or flow irrigation.

When to use the Manure?

1. Generally, the ideal time for spraying is during 6 am to 8.30 am and between 4 pm and 6.30 pm.
2. Generally, it is accepted that every 15 days the manure can be applied.

Manures - Attottam (ஆட்டூட்டம்)

In our Agriculture for Everybody blog series,  we are going to see Attottam (ஆட்டூட்டம்) which is an organic fertilizer.

Required Ingredients

S.No.	Ingredient Name	Qty in Litres/Kgs
1	Fresh Goat Dung	5 Kgs
2	Goat Urine	3 Litres
3	Goat Milk	2 Litres
4	Goat Curd	2 Litres
5	Banana (Ripe)	12 Nos
6	Tender Coconut Water	2 Litres
7	Groundnut Cake	1.5 Kg
8	Sugarcane Juice	2 Kgs
9	Toddy	2 Litres

Note:

• Usil botanical name is Albizia amara and in Hindi it is known as Ailaa.
• An alternative to Groundnut cake is to use Soya or Black Gram or Green Gram grinded well and soaked in water for 24 hours.
• An alternative to Toddy is to use Coconut Water fermented for 4 days or 50 gms of yeast dissolved in 2 litres of warm water
• An alterative to Sugarcane Juice is by adding 1 kg of jaggery dissolved in 2 litres of water.

Method of Preparation

1. Add Fresh Goat Dung, Goat Urine and Grountnut Cake into a pot or plastic drum.
2. The next day add Goat Milk, Curd, Coconut Water, Toddy & Sugarcane Juice.
3. Make the Banana into small pieces or crush them and add them as well.
4. Stir the solution well twice daily (50 times clockwise and anti-clockwise) by using a stick.
5. Allow the solution to ferment for 14 days.

Note:

• Please note that the stick (neem stick is better or any pole) used for mixing the ingredients should be cleaned before & after the usage so as to avoid maggots formations in the manure.
• The manure should be kept in the shade and covered with a wire mesh or plastic mosquito net to prevent houseflies from laying eggs and the formation of maggots (worms) in the solution.

Method of Storage

1. Stir the solution well twice daily (50 times clockwise and anti-clockwise) by using a stick.
2. The manure should be kept in the shade and covered with a wire mesh or plastic mosquito net to prevent houseflies from laying eggs and the formation of maggots (worms) in the solution.  This is applicable during the preparation as well as during the shelf life of the pesticide as well.

How long can we store the Manure?

1. The manure can be stored for 6 months time.

How to use the Manure?

1. Spray System - The manure can be applied as a foliar spray.

Note:

• Dilute 200 Milli Litre of the manure with 10 Litres of water before applying.
• 2 Litres of Attottam diluted in 100 Litres of water is enough for an acre.

When to use the Manure?

1. Generally, the ideal time for spraying is during 6 am to 8.30 am and between 4 pm and 6.30 pm.
2. Generally, it is accepted that every 15 days the manure can be applied.

Pesticides - Thanjavuran Poondu Karaisal (தஞ்சாவூரான் பூண்டு கரைசல்)

In our Agriculture for Everybody blog series, we are going to see Thanjavuran Poondu Karaisal (தஞ்சாவூரான் பூண்டு கரைசல்) which is an organic pest repellent.

Required Ingredients

S.No.	Ingredient Name	Qty in Litres/Kgs
1	Rail Poondu	250 Grams
2	Cow's Urine	2 Litres
3	Neem Oil	50 ML
4	Pungan Oil	25 ML
5	Fish Amino Acids	50 ML

Note:

• Rail Poondu botanical name is Croton bonplandianum Baill.

Method of Preparation

1. Mix all the Ingredients (No.2 to No.5) well.
2. Cut the Rail Poondu into small pieces and add it to the solution.
3. Stir the solution by using a stick.
4. Allow this solution to ferment for 12 hours.
5. Filter the solution using a cloth and use it.

Note:

• Please note that the stick (neem stick is better or any pole) used for mixing the ingredients should be cleaned before & after the usage so as to avoid maggots formations in the pesticide.
• The pesticide should be kept in the shade and covered with a wire mesh or plastic mosquito net to prevent houseflies from laying eggs and the formation of maggots (worms) in the solution.

Method of Storage

1. The pesticide should be kept in the shade and covered with a wire mesh or plastic mosquito net to prevent houseflies from laying eggs and the formation of maggots (worms) in the solution.  This is applicable during the preparation as well as during the shelf life of the pesticide as well.

How long can we store the Pesticide?

1. Not Applicable

How to use the Pesticide?

1. Spray System - The pesticide can be applied as a foliar spray.

Note:

• Dilute 300 ML of the above extract with 10 Litres of Water before applying.
• 100 Litres of spray is required for an acre.

When to use the Pesticide?

1. Generally, the ideal time for spraying is during 6 am to 8.30 am and between 4 pm and 6.30 pm.

Which pests are controlled by the Pesticide?

1. The pesticide is effective in controlling aphids.

Manures - Arappu More Karaisal (அரப்பு மோர் கரைசல்)

In our Agriculture for Everybody blog series, we are going to see Arappu More Karaisal (அரப்பு மோர் கரைசல்) which is an organic fertilizer.

Required Ingredients

S.No.	Ingredient Name	Qty in Litres/Kgs
1	Usil Leaves	2 Kgs
2	Sour Butter Milk	5 Litres

Note:

• Usil botanical name is Albizia amara and in Hindi it is known as Ailaa.

Method of Preparation

1. Separate the Usil Leaves and grind them well using water as required to get 5 Litres of Usil extract solution.
2. Add Sour Butter Milk to the above solution.
3. Stir the solution well by using a stick.
4. Allow the solution to ferment for 7 days.

Note:

• Please note that the stick (neem stick is better or any pole) used for mixing the ingredients should be cleaned before & after the usage so as to avoid maggots formations in the manure.
• The manure should be kept in the shade and covered with a wire mesh or plastic mosquito net to prevent houseflies from laying eggs and the formation of maggots (worms) in the solution.

Method of Storage

1. The manure should be kept in the shade and covered with a wire mesh or plastic mosquito net to prevent houseflies from laying eggs and the formation of maggots (worms) in the solution.  This is applicable during the preparation as well as during the shelf life of the pesticide as well.

How long can we store the Manure?

1. Not Applicable

How to use the Manure?

1. Spray System - The manure can be applied as a foliar spray.

Note:

• Dilute 1 Litre of the manure with 10 Litres of water before applying.
• One acre requires 100 Litres (10 Litres of manure) of spraying.

When to use the Manure?

1. Generally, the ideal time for spraying is during 6 am to 8.30 am and between 4 pm and 6.30 pm.
2. Generally, it is accepted that every 15 days the manure can be applied.

Pesticides - Neemastra (நீமாஸ்திரா)

In our Agriculture for Everybody blog series, we are going to see Neemastra (நீமாஸ்திரா) which is an organic pest repellent and is popularised by Subhash Palekar.

Required Ingredients

S.No.	Ingredient Name	Qty in Litres/Kgs
1	Water	100 Litres
2	Fresh Cow Dung	5 Kgs
3	Cow's Urine	5 Litres
4	Neem Leaves	5 Kgs

Note:

• Fresh Cow Dung & Cow's Urine should be from Local Cows and not from cross-bred or foreign breeds.

Method of Preparation

1. Add the 5 Litres of Cow's Urine to the 100 Litres of Water.
2. Add the 5 Kgs of Cow Dung to the water as well.
3. Crush the 5 Kgs of Neem Leaves and add the Neem Pulp to the water as well.
4. Allow this solution to ferment for 24 hours.
5. Stir the solution twice a day by using a stick.
6. Filter the solution using a cloth and use it.

Note:

• Please note that the stick (neem stick is better or any pole) used for mixing the ingredients should be cleaned before & after the usage so as to avoid maggots formations in the pesticide.
• The pesticide should be kept in the shade and covered with a wire mesh or plastic mosquito net to prevent houseflies from laying eggs and the formation of maggots (worms) in the solution.

Method of Storage

1. The pesticide should be mixed thoroughly twice daily (in the morning & evening).
2. The pesticide should be kept in the shade and covered with a wire mesh or plastic mosquito net to prevent houseflies from laying eggs and the formation of maggots (worms) in the solution.  This is applicable during the preparation as well as during the shelf life of the pesticide as well.

How long can we store the Pesticide?

1. Not Applicable

How to use the Pesticide?

1. Spray System - The pesticide can be applied as a foliar spray.

When to use the Pesticide?

1. Generally, the ideal time for spraying is during 6 am to 8.30 am and between 4 pm and 6.30 pm.

Which pests are controlled by the Pesticide?

1. The pesticide is effective in controlling sucking pests and mealy bug.

Pesticides - Pungam Seeds Solution (புங்கம் விதை கரைசல்)

In our Agriculture for Everybody blog series, we are going to see Pungam Seeds Solution (புங்கம் விதை கரைசல்) which is an organic pest repellent.  The botanical name of Pungam is Pongammia Punnata (L.) and it is known as Karanj in Hindi.

Required Ingredients

S.No.	Ingredient Name	Qty in Litres/Grams/Kgs
1	Water	1 Litre
2	Pungam Dried Seeds	25 Grams

Method of Preparation

1. Crush the Pungam Dried Seeds into fine powder.
2. Add the 25 Grams of Pungam fine powder to 1 Litre of Water.
3. Stir the solution well so that the fine powder is completely dissolved in the water,
4. Filter the solution using a cloth and use it.

Note:

• Please note that the stick (neem stick is better or any pole) used for mixing the ingredients should be cleaned before & after the usage so as to avoid maggots formations in the pesticide.
• The pesticide should be kept in the shade and covered with a wire mesh or plastic mosquito net to prevent houseflies from laying eggs and the formation of maggots (worms) in the solution.

Method of Storage

1. The pesticide should be kept in the shade and covered with a wire mesh or plastic mosquito net to prevent houseflies from laying eggs and the formation of maggots (worms) in the solution.  This is applicable during the preparation as well as during the shelf life of the pesticide as well.

How long can we store the Pesticide?

1. Not Applicable

How to use the Pesticide?

1. Spray System - The pesticide can be applied as a foliar spray.

When to use the Pesticide?

1. Generally, the ideal time for spraying is during 6 am to 8.30 am and between 4 pm and 6.30 pm.

Which pests are controlled by the Pesticide?

1. The pesticide is effective in controlling Aphids.

Pesticides - Agniastra (அக்னி அஸ்திரா)

In our Agriculture for Everybody blog series, we are going to see Agniastra (அக்னி அஸ்திரா) which is an organic pest repellent and is popularised by Subhash Palekar.

Required Ingredients

S.No.	Ingredient Name	Qty in Litres/Kgs
1	Pot	1
2	Cow's Urine	10 Litres
3	Tobacco	1 Kg
4	Green Chillies	500 Grams
4	Neem Leaves	5 Kgs

Note:

• Cow's Urine should be from Local Cows and not from cross-bred or foreign breeds.
  

Method of Preparation

1. Add 10 Litres of Cow's Urine to the Pot.
2. Crush the Tobacco and add them to the Cow's Urine.
3. Crush the Green Chillies and add them as well.
4. Crush the Neem Leaves and add the pulp as well.
5. Boil this mixture continuously for 5 times.
6. Allow this solution to ferment for 24 hours.
7. Filter the solution using a cloth and use it.

Note:

• The pesticide should be kept in the shade and covered with a wire mesh or plastic mosquito net to prevent houseflies from laying eggs and the formation of maggots (worms) in the solution.

Method of Storage

1. The pesticide should be kept in the shade and covered with a wire mesh or plastic mosquito net to prevent houseflies from laying eggs and the formation of maggots (worms) in the solution.  This is applicable during the preparation as well as during the shelf life of the pesticide as well.

How long can we store the Pesticide?

1. Not Applicable

How to use the Pesticide?

1. Spray System - The pesticide can be applied as a foliar spray.

When to use the Pesticide?

1. Generally, the ideal time for spraying is during 6 am to 8.30 am and between 4 pm and 6.30 pm.

Which pests are controlled by the Pesticide?

1. The pesticide is effective in controlling Leaf Roller, Stem Borer, Fruit Borer & Pod Borer.

Pesticides - Neem Leaves Paste (வேப்ப இலை கூழ்)

In our Agriculture for Everybody blog series, we are going to see Neem Leaves Paste (வேப்ப இலை கூழ்) which is an organic pest repellent.

Required Ingredients

S.No.	Ingredient Name	Qty in Litres/Grams/Kgs
1	Water	50 Litres
2	Fresh Cow Dung	20 Kgs
3	Cow's Urine	20 Litres
4	Neem Leaves	20 Kgs

Method of Preparation

1. First add the Cow Dung to the Water.
2. Add Cow's Urine as well.
3. Crush the Neem Leaves well and add the pulp as well.
4. Stir the solution using a stick to get a fine paste after 48 hours.

Note:

• Please note that the stick (neem stick is better or any pole) used for mixing the ingredients should be cleaned before & after the usage so as to avoid maggots formations in the pesticide.
• The pesticide should be kept in the shade and covered with a wire mesh or plastic mosquito net to prevent houseflies from laying eggs and the formation of maggots (worms) in the solution.

Method of Storage

1. The pesticide should be kept in the shade and covered with a wire mesh or plastic mosquito net to prevent houseflies from laying eggs and the formation of maggots (worms) in the solution.  This is applicable during the preparation as well as during the shelf life of the pesticide as well.

How long can we store the Pesticide?

1. Not Applicable

How to use the Pesticide?

1. Apply the paste to the stems of Mango, Pomegranate & Orange trees.

When to use the Pesticide?

1. Generally, the ideal time for applying the paste is during 6 am to 8.30 am and between 4 pm and 6.30 pm.

Which pests are controlled by the Pesticide?

1. Not Applicable