Vegetables Crops - A Data Oriented Complete Guide - WorkInProgress

In our Agriculture for Everybody blog series, we are going to see a Data Oriented Complete Guide to Vegetables Crops.


The first table (Parameters Template) will contain the parameters filter while the second table (Detailed Template) will contain more details about the crop.

Note: Request readers to help update the parameters of the crops and let me know of any other parameters.

Parameters Template

S.No.	Common Name	ST / MT / LT (age)	SSH / MSH	SH / MH	SC (%)
1	Amaranth	கீரை வகைகள்	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
2	Annual Moringa	செடி முருங்கை	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
3	Ash Gourd	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
4	Asparagus	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
5	Babycorn	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
6	Basella	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
7	Beetroot	பீட்ருட்	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
8	Bellary Onion	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
9	Bhendi	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
10	Bitter Gourd	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
11	Bottle Gourd	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
12	Bread Fruit	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
13	Brinjal	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
14	Broadbeans	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
15	Brussels Sprout	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
16	Butter Bean	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
17	Cabbage	முட்டைக்கோசு	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
17A	Cabbage	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
18	Carrot	கேரட்	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
19	Cauliflower	காலிஃபிளவர்	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
20	Celery	செலரி	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
21	Ceylon Spinach	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
22	Chakravathi Keerai	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
23	Chekurmanis	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
24	Chillies	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
25	Chinese Cabbage	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
26	Chow Chow	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
27	Cluster Beans	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
28	Coccinia	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
29	Coleus	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
30	Colocasia	சிறுகிழங்கு	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
31	Cucumber	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
32	Curry Leaf	கருவேப்பிலை	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
33	Dioscorea	கருணைக்கிழங்கு	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
34	Elephant Foot Yam	சேனைக்கிழங்கு	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
35	French Bean	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
36	Gherkin	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
37	Knol-khol	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
38	Lab lab	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
39	Lettuce	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
40	Mint	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
41	Onion	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
42	Palak	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
43	Paprika	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
44	Peas	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
45	Potato	உருளைக் கிழங்கு	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
46	Pumpkin	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
47	Radish	முள்ளங்கி	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
48	Rhubarb	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
49	Ribbed Gourd	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
50	Small Onion	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
51	Snake Gourd	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
52	Sweet Potato	சர்க்கரைவள்ளிக்கிழங்கு	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
53	Tapioca	மரவள்ளிக்கிழங்கு	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
54	Tinda	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
55	Tomato	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
56	Turnip	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
57	Vegetable Cowpea	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
58	Watermelon	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5
59	Winged Bean	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5

Notes:

• ST/MT/LT (age) stands for Short Term Crops(ST), Medium Term Crops(MT), Long Term Crops(LT), (age) stands for the economical lifetime of the crops
• SSH/MSH stands for Single Season Harvest Crops(SSH), Multiple Season Harvest Crops (MSH)
• SH/MH stands for Single Harvest(SH), Multiple Harvest(MH)
• SC (%) stands for Shade Crops. This will help us to grow shade crops once the main crops are grown. (%) stands for percentage of shade required
• Anything that starts with WIP* means Work In Progress. The same will be updated in a future date once the information is available

Detailed Template


The Detailed Template provides the data the farmer is looking for quick decision making.

• Soil Type - Provides the Vegetable Crop information based on the Soil Type
• Water Requirement - Provides the information on the amount of water required for the specific Vegetable Crop
• Best Season - Provides the information on the Best Season to grow the specific Vegetable Crop
• Crop Longevity - Provides the information on the Crop Age of the Vegetable Crop
• Type of Vegetables - Provides the information on the Vegetable Crop that needs Pandals or Trellis as well as the Type of Vegetable

 

S.No.	Common Name	Tamil Name	Botanical Name	Family Name	Spacing(Rows X Plants) (Cms / Inches / Fts)	Seed Rate (Varieties / Hybrids)	Seed Sowing Depth	Gestation Period (Yrs)	Avg Yield/Crop(Nos/Kgs/Tonnes)	B	C	D
1	Amaranth	கீரை வகைகள்	Amaranthus sp L	Amaranthaceae	WIP4	V:300-350 g/ha                   H:100-150 g/ha	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
2	Annual Moringa	செடி முருங்கை	Moringa oleifera L	Moringaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
3	Ash Gourd	சாம்பல் பூசணி	Benincasa hispida Cogn	Cucurbitaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
4	Asparagus	அஸ்பிரகஸ்	Asparagus officinalis var.altilis	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
5	Basella	பேசல்லா	WIP2	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
6	Beetroot	பீட்ருட்	Beta vulgaris L	Chenopodiaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
7	Bellary Onion	பெல்லாரி வெங்காயம்	Allium cepa var. cepa	Alliaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
8	Bhendi	வெண்டை	Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench	Malvaceae	R:45 C P:30 C	V:8.0 kg/ha H:2.5 kg/ha	0.5 I	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
9	Bitter Gourd	பாகற்காய்	Momordica charantia L	Cucurbitaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
10	Bottle Gourd	சுரைக்காய்	Lagenaria siceraria (Mol) Standl	Cucurbitaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
11	Bread Fruit	கறிப்பலா	Artocarpus altilis	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
12	Brinjal	கத்தரி	Solanum melongena L	Solanaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
13	Broadbeans	பிராட் பீன்ஸ்	Vicia faba L	Fabaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
14	Brussels Sprout	புரசல் ஸ்பிரவுட்	Brassica oleracea var. Gemmifera	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
15	Butter Bean	பயிர் பீன்ஸ்	Phaseolus lunatus	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
16	Cabbage	முட்டைக்கோசு	Brassica oleracea var. capitata	Brassicaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
17	Capsicum	குடை மிளகாய்	Capsicum annuum	Solanaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
18	Carrot	கேரட்	Daucus carota L	Umbelliferae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
19	Cauliflower	காலிஃபிளவர்	Brassica oleracea var. botrytis	Brassicaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
20	Celery	செலரி	Apium graveolens	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
21	Ceylon Spinach	ஸ்பினாச்	Talinum triangulare	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
22	Chakravathi Keerai	சக்ரவர்த்தி கீரை	Chenopodium album	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
23	Chekurmanis	செக்குர் மணிக்கீரை	Sauropus androgynus	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
24	Chillies	மிளகாய்	Capsicum annuum L	Solanaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
25	Chinese Cabbage	சைனிஸ் முட்டை கோஸ்	Brassica pekinensis	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
26	Chinese Potato	சீன உருளைக்கிழங்கு	Coleus parviflorus L	Labiatae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
27	Chow Chow	செளசெள	Sechium edule	Cucurbitaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
28	Cluster Beans	கொத்தவரை	Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L	Fabaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
29	Coccinia	கோவைக் காய்	Coccinia indica	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
30	Colocasia	சிறுகிழங்கு	Colocasia esculenta L. Scott	Araceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
31	Cucumber	வெள்ளரி	Cucumis sativus L	Cucurbitaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
32	Curry Leaf	கருவேப்பிலை	Murraya koenigii Linn. Sprengal	Rutaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
33	Dioscorea	கருணைக்கிழங்கு	Dioscorea alata L. & Dioscorea esculenta L	Dioscoreaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
34	Elephant Foot Yam	சேனைக்கிழங்கு	Amorphophallus companulatus Blume	Araceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
35	French Bean	ப்ரெஞ்சு அவரை வகைகள்	Phaseolus vulgaris  L	Fabaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
36	Gherkin	ஜெர்கின்	Cucumis sativus var. angaria	Cucurbitaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
37	Knol-khol	நூல்கோல்	Brassica caulorapa	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
38	Lab lab	அவரை	Lab lab purpureus var. typicus	Fabaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
39	Lettuce	லெட்டூஸ்	Lactuca sativa	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
40	Mint	பெதினா	Mentha virides	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
41	Muskmelon	முலாம் பழம்	Cucumis melo L	Cucurbitaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
42	Palak	பாலக்கீரை	Beta vulgaris var. Bengalensis	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
43	Paprika	பஜ்ஜி மிளகாய்	Capsicum annum var. longum	Solanaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
44	Peas	பட்டாணி	Pisum sativum L	Fabaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
45	Potato	உருளைக் கிழங்கு	Solanum tuberosum L	Solanaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
46	Pumpkin	பரங்கிக்காய்	Cucurbita moschata Poir	Cucurbitaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
47	Radish	முள்ளங்கி	Raphanus sativus L	Brassicaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
48	Rhubarb	ருபார்ப்	Rheum rhaponticum	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
49	Ribbed Gourd	பீர்க்கன்	Luffa acutangula Roxb	Cucurbitaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
50	Small Onion	சின்னவெங்காயம்	Allium cepa var. aggregatum	Alliaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
51	Snake Gourd	புடலைக்காய்	Trichosanthes cucumerina. L	Cucurbitaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
52	Sweet Potato	சர்க்கரைவள்ளிக்கிழங்கு	Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam	Convolvulaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
53	Tapioca	மரவள்ளிக்கிழங்கு	Manihot esculenta Crantz	Euphorbiaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
54	Tinda	டின்டா	Citrullus vulgaris Schrad var. fistulousus	Cucurbitaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
55	Tomato	தக்காளி	Lycopersicon esculentum Mill	Solanaceae	P:24 I	V:300-350 g/ha                   H:100-150 g/ha	0.25 Inches	0	V:30-40 t/ha                   H:80-95 t/ha	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
56	Turnip	டர்னிப்	Brassica rapa	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
57	Vegetable Cowpea	காய்கறி தட்டைப்பயிறு	Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp	Fabaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
58	Watermelon	தர்பூசணி	Citrullus lanatus (Thumb) Matsum and Nakai	Cucurbitaceae	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11
59	Winged Bean	விங்கிடு பீன்ஸ்	Psophocarpus tetragonalobus	WIP3	WIP4	WIP5	WIP6	WIP7	WIP8	WIP9	WIP10	WIP11

Notes:

• Soil Types are
1. Red Soils
2. Black Soil
3. Laterite Soils
4. Coastal Soils
• Spacing provided here is for the normally accepted standard spacing only
• Water Per Crop is the accepted water requirements. The template may be modified to accomodate water requirements for each year as well in future
• Avg Yield Per Crop can be in Numbers, Kgs/Tonnes.  This can be expanded to accomodate Avg Yld Per Crop based on the age of the crop as well in future
• Last Market Rate is the price that the market has given to the crop
• Anything that starts with WIP* means Work In Progress. The same will be updated in a future date once the information is available

Water Irrigation Methods

In our Agriculture for Everybody blog series, we will cover the water irrigation methods generally followed in and around the country.  Only the important methods are covered here.

• Flood Irrigation
• This is the traditional method that is being used even today in most parts of our country
• This is the cheapest method in terms of cost and maintenance is very less
• The water loss is very high in this method
• This method is suitable for Paddy, Wheat etc

• Furrow Irrigation
• This is another traditional method that is being used even today
• This method is cheaper as well as easy to maintain
• The water loss is somewhat average in this method
• This method is suited for row crops or tree crops
• This method is suitable for Coconut, Mango, Sugarcane, Vegetables etc

• Pot Irrigation
• This method is generally used in areas where the waterfall is very less and hence recommended for dryland agriculture
• This involves filling up the pot every week or so and hence is a tedious work
• No or minimal water loss due to evaporation / heat
• Cost is negligible
• This method is suitable for Tree based crops

• Drip Irrigation
• This is the newly introduced method mainly for the purpose of reducing/saving the water to a greater extent
• This method needs infrastructure and materials (like pvc pipes etc) and hence the cost is higher
• This method requires maintenance at regular intervals and there is a nominal cost associated with it
• This method requires power for the water to be pumped across
• Very less water loss due to evaporation
• This method is suitable for Tree based crops as well as for Vegetables

• Sprinkler Irrigation
• This is also newly introduced method and is a better alternative than flood irrigation for certain crops
• This method needs infrastructure and materials (like pvc pipes etc) and hence the cost is higher but less than that of Drip Irrigation
• Little more of water loss is associated with this method
• This method requires power for the water to be pumped across
• This method is generally used for Vegetable based crops or even can be used for growing crops like Maize, Grasses etc where the requirement of water is minimal

• RainGun Irrigation - This method is similar to Sprinkler Irrigation except the coverage and reach of the water

Internal Water Sources - An Analysis

In our last blog, we have covered the difference between Internal Water Sources and External Water Sources.

In our Agriculture for Everybody blog series, we will do a deeper analysis and understand the different Internal Water Sources and their advantages and disavantages.


Borewells

Advantages	Disadvantages
1. Occupies very less space 2. Digging of borewell is quite fast 3. No evaporation of water at all	1. Need power for lifting water 2. Identifying the water point is not fool proof 3. How much water available cannot be established?

Open Wells

Advantages	Disadvantages
1. Occupies a little more space 2. Takes more time to dig an Open Well 3. Can measure the amount of water available and plan crops accordingly 4. Can be utilized to store water harvested 5. Recharge of groundwater happens automatically 6. Water can also be lifted by mechanical power	1. Need power for lifting water 2. Little bit of evaporation takes place 3. Mosquito menace can be a problem for humans and livestock

Calculating Water Holding Capacity of an Open Well

Volume of Pond in Litres = 3.142 X Diameter/2 X Diameter/2 X Average Depth X 1000

For eg., a pond with 2.5 metres diameter and 5 metres avg depth will have

3.142 X 2.5/2 X 2.5/2 X depth X 1000 = 24547 Litres


Ponds

1. Allocate 10% of the farmland for ponds if you wish to utilize the pond for growing fish and have only 3 to 5 feet of water for better maintenance
2. Allocate atleast 1% of the farmland for ponds if you need just water and increase the depth of the pond according to your needs
3. Confirm whether the water will be held in the pond without too much seeping
4. Identify the lowest point of the farm where the water rushes to during rain and create the pond there for easy collection of water and better maintenance

Advantages	Disadvantages
1. Occupies a huge space 2. Takes a little more time to do construction of the pond 3. Can measure the amount of water available and plan crops accordingly 4. Can utilize the pond for growing fish, ducks etc 5. Can be utilized to store water harvested 6. Recharge of groundwater happens automatically 7. Water can also be lifted by mechanical power	1. Need power for lifting water 2. More evaporation takes place 3. Filling of pond takes time 4. Mosquito menace can be a problem for humans and livestock

Calculating Water Holding Capacity of a Pond

Square or Rectangular Pond

Volume of Pond in Litres = Length (in metres) x Width (in metres) x Average Depth (in metres) x 1000

For eg., a pond with 25 metres length and 10 metres width and 5 metres depth will have

25 m (Length) X 15 m (Width) X 5 m (Avg Depth) X 1000 = 1875000 Litres


Round Pond

Volume of Pond in Litres = 3.142 X Diameter/2 X Diameter/2 X Average Depth X 1000

For eg., a pond with 2.5 metres diameter and 5 metres avg depth will have

3.142 X 2.5/2 X 2.5/2 X depth X 1000 = 24547 Litres
 

Water Sources

We all know Water is a very important requirement for farming activities.  In our Agriculture for Everybody blog series, we will understand the various sources from where we can get the water for our crops.

We can classify the Water Sources into two as below.

1. Internal Water Source
2. External Water Source

Internal Water Source

Internal Water Sources are those that are available within our farms.  We have some limited control on these water sources.

Generally, the Internal Water Sources are created by us and some of them are given below.

• Borewells
• Open Wells
• Ponds

I mentioned limited control in the previous paragraph, just to highlight the point, that the water in these sources can become dry if other farms in the area exploit the underground water indiscriminately by using borewells.


External Water Source

Any water source that is outside of our farm are considered External Water Source.  We have literally no control on these water sources.

Some examples of External Water Sources are

• Common Wells / Ponds
• Streams
• Springs
• Canals
• Lakes
• Rivers

If External Water Source need to be utilized, we may have to get permission from the concerned authorities.  External Water Sources need to be used co-operatively and any naturally occuring water source is the best option as these will replenish by themselves.