Integrated Pest Management - Pheromone Lures / Traps

In our Agriculture for Everybody blog series, as part of the Integrated Pest Management (IPM), we will discuss Pheromone Lures / Traps in this blog and their need for it.


Which crops need Pheromone Traps?

1. Generally, high density crops like cereals, millets, pulses, flowers, vegetables etc require Pheromone Traps
2. Even Coconut and similar crops require Pheromone Traps

How many Pheromone Traps are required per acre?

1. Each crop requires different number of Pheromone Traps and hence follow the recommendations for that particular crop

What should be the height of the Pheromone Traps?

1. Generally, it is advised that the Pheromone Traps be placed atleast 1 ft above the crop canopy

What should be the orientation of the Pheromone Traps?

1. For best results, it is advised that the Pheromone Traps be placed in upright position

What is the distance between the Pheromone Traps?

1. Optimally, the Pheromone Traps should be of equi-distance from one another

When to replace the Pheromone Traps?

1. Optimally, the Pheromone Traps should be replaced at specific intervals for getting optimum performance from trap

What problem is solved by Pheromone Traps?

1. Pheromone Traps acts as a warning sign on the build up of the pests
2. Pheromone Traps control the next generation of pests as the parents are destroyed

Do we require different Pheromone Traps?

1. Yes.  Each pests has its own Pheromone Traps and Lures

What are the different varieties of  available Pheromone Traps?

1. American Bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera)
2. Armyworm / Ear cutting caterpillar (Mythimna separata)
3. Beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua)
4. Brinjal Fruit & Shoot Borer (Leucinodes orbonalis)
5. Cigarette Beetle (Lasioderma serricorne)
6. Cocoa Pod Borer (Conopomorpha cramerella)
7. Codling Moth (Cydia pomonella)
8. Coffee White Stem Borer (Xylotrechus quadripes)
9. Cucumber moth (Diaphania indica)
10. Diamond Back Moth (Plutella xylostella)
11. Groundnut Leaf Miner (Aproaerema modicella)
12. Melon Fruit Fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae)
13. Oriental Fruit Fly (Bactrocera dorsalis)
14. Pink Bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella)
15. Pink stem borer (Sesamia Inferens)
16. Red Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus)
17. Rice Yellow Stem Borer (Scirpophaga incertulas)
18. Rhinoceros Beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros)
19. Spiny Bollworm (Earias insulana)
20. Spotted Bollworm (Earias vittella)
21. Spotted stalk borer (Chilo partellus)
22. Sugarcane Early Shoot Borer (Chilo infuscatellus)
23. Sugarcane Internode Borer (Chilo sacchariphagus indicus)
24. Sugarcane White Top Borer (Scirpophaga excerptalis)
25. Tobacco Caterpiller (Spodoptera litura)

Note: For a complete list, refer http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheromone_trap

Integrated Pest Management - Yellow Sticky Pans / Traps

In our Agriculture for Everybody blog series, as part of the Integrated Pest Management (IPM), we will discuss Yellow Sticky Pans/Traps in this blog and their need for it.


Which crops need Yellow Sticky Traps?

1. Generally, high density crops like cereals, millets, pulses, flowers, vegetables etc require Yellow Sticky Traps

How many Yellow Sticky Traps are required per acre?

1. Each crop requires different number of Yellow Sticky Traps and hence follow the recommendations for that particular crop

What should be the height of the Yellow Sticky Traps?

1. Generally, it is advised that the height of the Yellow Sticky Traps be at the crop height

What should be the orientation of the Yellow Sticky Traps?

1. For best results, it is advised that the Yellow Sticky Traps be placed vertically

What is the distance between the Yellow Sticky Traps?

1. Optimally, the Yellow Sticky Traps should be of equi-distance from one another

When to replace the Yellow Sticky Traps?

1. Optimally, the Yellow Sticky Traps should be replaced when the entire trap is full of insects or when the trap is no more sticky

What problem is solved by Yellow Sticky Traps?

1. Yellow sticky traps are a non toxic way to control and monitor aphids, cucumber beetles, fruit flies, fungus gnats, leafhoppers, froghoppers, moths, whiteflies, flea beetles, leaf miners etc

What are the different options in Yellow Sticky Traps?

1. Yellow Sticky Traps are readily available in the market and can be bought and used as it is
2. Yellow Sticky Traps can be created by applying Castor Oil on the yellow coloured side of the tin, plate etc and they need to be smeared Castor Oil after cleaning daily

Choosing the Crops (Groupwise) based on Soil Types - Work In Progress

In our Agriculture for Everybody blog series, we are going to see how to select Crops (Groupwise)based on Soil Types.


The Data provided below will help the farmers choose the crops based on the Soil Types.  The data has been grouped together for easy understanding.

Please note that this blog is Work In Progress.

• Black Soil is also called as Black Cotton Soil or Clay Soil
• Coastal Soil is also called Coastal or Alluvium Soil

Cereals

Crop Name	Black Soil	Coastal Soil	Laterite Soil	Red Soil
Rice	Y	Y	Y
Wheat		Y

Fibre Crops

Crop Name	Black Soil	Coastal Soil	Laterite Soil	Red Soil
Agave
Cotton	Y	Y
Jute		Y

Flower Crops

Crop Name	Black Soil	Coastal Soil	Laterite Soil	Red Soil
Anthurium
Carnation
China Aster
Chrysanthemum
Crossandra
Cut Chrysanthemum
Cut Rose
Dendrobium Orchid
Gerbera
Gladious
Golden Rod
Jathimalli (Pitchi)
Lilium
Malligai
Marigold
Maruvu
Mullai
Nerium
Rose
Tuberose

Forage Crops

Crop Name	Black Soil	Coastal Soil	Laterite Soil	Red Soil
Cumbu Napier
Deenanath Grass
Fodder Cholam
Fodder Cowpea
Fodder Cumbu
Fodder Maize
Guinea Grass
Kolukattai Pullu
Kudirai Masal
Muyal Masal
Soundal
Veli Masal

Fruit Crops

Crop Name	Black Soil	Coastal Soil	Laterite Soil	Red Soil
Acidlime		Y
Amla		Y
Annona		Y
Apple		Y
Apricot		Y
Avocado		Y	Y
Banana		Y
Ber		Y
Bilimbi		Y
Bread Fruit		Y
Carambola		Y
Durian		Y
Egg Fruit		Y
Fig		Y
Grapes		Y
Guava		Y
Jack		Y
Jamun		Y
Karonda		Y
Kiwi		Y
Lemon		Y
Litchi		Y
Loquat		Y
Mandarin Orange		Y
Mango		Y
Mangosteen		Y
Mulberry		Y
Papaya		Y
Passion Fruit		Y
Peach		Y
Pear		Y
Persimmon		Y
Phalsa		Y
Pineapple		Y	Y
Plum		Y
Pomegranate		Y
Rambutan		Y
Sapota		Y
Strawberry		Y
Sweet Orange		Y
West Indian Cherry		Y

Medicinal Crops

Crop Name	Black Soil	Coastal Soil	Laterite Soil	Red Soil
Aswagandha
Gloriosa
Phylanthus
Senna
Stevia
Periwinkle
Pyrethrum
Digitalis
Medicinal Dioscorea
Medicinal Solanum
Aloevera
Medicinal Coleus
Tippili

Millets

Crop Name	Black Soil	Coastal Soil	Laterite Soil	Red Soil
Cumbu	Y	Y		Y
Kudiraivali	Y	Y		Y
Maize	Y	Y		Y
Panivaragu	Y	Y		Y
Ragi	Y	Y		Y
Samai	Y	Y		Y
Sorghum	Y	Y		Y
Tenai	Y	Y		Y
Varagu	Y	Y		Y

Oil Seeds

Crop Name	Black Soil	Coastal Soil	Laterite Soil	Red Soil
Castor		Y		Y
Gingelly		Y		Y
Groundnut	Y	Y		Y
Niger		Y
Safflower	Y	Y
Sunflower	Y	Y

Plantation Crops

Crop Name	Black Soil	Coastal Soil	Laterite Soil	Red Soil
Arecanut			Y
Betelvine			Y
Cashewnut			Y
Cocoa			Y
Coconut			Y
Coffee			Y
Oilpalm			Y
Palmyrah			Y
Rubber			Y
Tea			Y

Pulses

Crop Name	Black Soil	Coastal Soil	Laterite Soil	Red Soil
Bengalgram	Y	Y		Y
Blackgram	Y	Y		Y
Cowpea	Y	Y		Y
Field lablab	Y	Y		Y
Garden lablab	Y	Y		Y
Greengram	Y	Y		Y
Horsegram	Y	Y		Y
Redgram	Y	Y		Y
Soybean	Y	Y		Y
Swordbean	Y	Y		Y

Spices

Crop Name	Black Soil	Coastal Soil	Laterite Soil	Red Soil
Allspice
Cardamom
Cinnamon
Clove
Coriander
Fennel
Fenugreek
Garlic
Ginger
Mustard	Y
Nutmeg
Paprika
Pepper
Tamarind
Turmeric
Vanilla

Sugar Crops

Crop Name	Black Soil	Coastal Soil	Laterite Soil	Red Soil
Sugarbeet
Sugarcane		Y
Sweet Sorghum

Vegetables

Crop Name	Black Soil	Coastal Soil	Laterite Soil	Red Soil
Amaranth		Y
Annual Moringa		Y
Ash Gourd		Y
Asparagus		Y
Babycorn		Y
Basella		Y
Beetroot		Y
Bellary Onion		Y
Bhendi		Y
Bitter Gourd		Y
Bottle Gourd		Y
Brinjal		Y
Broadbeans		Y
Brussels Sprout		Y
Butter Bean		Y
Cabbage		Y
Capsicum		Y
Carrot		Y
Cauliflower		Y
Celery		Y
Ceylon Spinach		Y
Chakravathi Keerai		Y
Chekurmanis		Y
Chickpea		Y
Chillies		Y
Chinese Cabbage		Y
Chinese Potato		Y
Chow chow		Y
Cluster Beans		Y
Coccinia		Y
Colocasia		Y
Cucumber		Y
Curry Leaf		Y
Dioscorea		Y
Elephant Foot Yam		Y
French Bean		Y
Gherkin		Y
Knol-khol		Y
Lablab		Y
Lettuce		Y
Mint		Y
Musk Melon		Y
Palak		Y
Paprika		Y
Peas		Y
Potato		Y
Pumpkin		Y
Radish		Y
Rhubarb		Y
Ribbed Gourd		Y
Small Onion		Y
Snake Gourd		Y
Soybean		Y
Sweet Potato		Y
Tapioca		Y
Tinda		Y
Tomato		Y
Turnip		Y
Vegetable Cowpea		Y
Watermelon		Y
Winged Bean		Y